Influence of India as a regional hegemony and its consequential effects on the development of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)- An Analytical Study

Abstract

The present analysis focuses on India's role as a regional hegemony and its subsequent impact on the progress and evolution of “the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).” The discourse around India's potential to either assist or impede “regional cooperation in South Asia has been a subject of contemplation predating the formation of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in 1983.” India has a unique and noteworthy location within the South Asian region. “Due to its considerable size, strategic geographic location, and tremendous economic capabilities, India inherently assumes a leadership position within the region.” Nevertheless, the prevailing influence wielded by a neighboring country with aspirations for global hegemony has also elicited apprehensions among the other states in South Asia. The difficulty of “comprehending India's perceived and actual role” poses an obstacle to the collaborative efforts of South Asian states, potentially influencing regional advancement in either a positive or negative manner. India is positioning itself as a prominent leader, but, its South Asian opponents contend that it is exercising hegemonic dominance. India's surrounding nations see themselves as being subject to perceived threats emanating from India, a dominant regional force, and they assert that India harbors goals of hegemony. It is imperative for India to assume a prominent position in spearheading the development and advancement of “the South Asian region.” India establishes its position as a leader in resolving regional concerns by implementing policies that promote the collective interests of surrounding states. Nevertheless, India's cautious and hesitant policies are incongruous with the characteristics of proactive leadership. India has often disavowed assuming a dominant position while ostensibly seeking to assuage concerns within the region. Paradoxically, the implementation of these policies has given rise to assertions that India exhibits a lack of concern towards regional matters. Hence, India's reluctance to assume a leadership role has been seen as a renunciation of its regional responsibilities. India has yet to demonstrate the core trait of leadership, namely dynamism.